Psychoanalytic and Trait Approaches Personality Assessment...

Psychoanalytic and Trait Approaches Personality Assessment PSY/250 Psychoanalytic and Trait Approaches Personality Assessment I have always attributed personality as being a culmination of environment first, biology second, and traits, or what my understanding of them was. I was not aware of Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic approach, or the correct definition of the trait theory prior to beginning this class. The psychoanalytic approach to personality defines the origins of personality as being divided in to three parts; the id (unconscious), the superego (preconscious) and the ego (conscious). Each part plays a distinct role in memory, response, desire, decision making, and conscience. With all three parts interacting, conflicting,†¦show more content†¦Here, children have to learn control over bodily functions and depending on whether the experience is positive or negative, like behavioral patterns emerge. Freud believed that a negative experience could result in an adult personality that is obsessive, and stubborn. According to Freud, defense mechanisms exist as a way for the ego to deal with things it cannot filter from the anxiety created within the superego and the id. Displacement is a classic example of a defense mechanism. Have you ever had a bad day at work where nothing you did would satisfy your boss? Wanting to tell your boss off or acting on the frustrations or feelings would be detrimental to your job status. Instead of acting on that frustration it stays pent up, and by the time you get home from work you explode at your child, or spouse for some insignificant little infraction. Your taking your aggression out on a person who did not pose a threat to you is displacement. A second defense mechanism is reaction formation. Freud believed that using reaction formation allows us to hide how we feel by acting the exact opposite. A good example would be a person who is extremely outspoken about gay rights. Freud would have no doubt believed that because this person’s beliefs were so extreme that this person must be fighting an internal demon; maybe this person was fighting their own secret feelings of attraction forShow MoreRelatedPsy 250 Complete Course (Psychology of Personality) - a+ Work1520 Words   |  7 Pages(Psychology of Personality) - A+ Work IF You Want To Purchase A+ Work Then Click The Link Below , Instant Download http://hwnerd.com/PSY-250-Psychology-of-Personality-Complete-Course-1138.htm?categoryId=-1 If You Face Any Problem E- Mail Us At Contact.Hwnerd@Gmail.Com Week 1 Individual Assignment Personality Reflection Write a 700- to 1,050-word reflective paper that addresses the following questions: o How would you define personality? o What are some key personality features thatRead MoreWarren Edward Buffett : World s Most Successful Investor Essay1516 Words   |  7 Pagesthe age of 19. In 1951, Buffett enrolled at Columbia University to pursue A Masters of Science in Economics. Buffett has also been recognized as one of the great thinkers in the world. His contributions to philanthropy can be attributed to his personality, not so common in many people of his caliber. In this respect, Buffett has severally written of his belief that his children will never inherit a substantial amount of his wealth and he would give them just sufficient to feel doing anything, butRead MoreHow Relevant Is Freud Today1559 Words   |  7 Pageswas arguably one of the most influential psychologists in the investigation of personality, and his work can still, to some extent, be considered relevant today. His methods allowed for the first time the investigation of phenomena that were previously difficult to tackle, such as dreams and sexual desires. â€Å"Yes and No† is a justified reply to the question of whether Freud is relevant today in that his ideas on personality were the first to investigate the role of childhood trauma, and have been reflectedRead MoreFreud s Theo ry Of Psychosexual Stages Of Development And Costa And Mccrae s Five Factor Model2237 Words   |  9 Pagesmodel were compared to assess the personality of a woman named Judy, experiencing difficulty in her primary relationships and day to day functioning. The main purposes of the study is to explain how each theorist would assess Judy’s behavior and identify the strengths and weaknesses of each approach and further the differences and any similarities found. The key strength of Costa and McCrae’s model was providing a detailed and structured analysis of personality that is scientifically based howeverRead More Comparing the Nomothetic and Idiographic Approaches as They Apply to the Study of Intelligence and Personality1972 Words   |  8 Pagesfrom Nomothetic and Idiographic approach. How they apply to both Personality (pattern of behavior and thinking) and Intelligence (thinking and behavior). Arguments for both sides are base on what psychologists generally use them as, because some might disagrees with the usage of the word nomothetic and idiographic, orientated by Kantian and Wilhelm Windelband. Outline nomothetic, idiographic approach and personality Personality is the dynamic organization within the individual of those psychophysicalRead MorePersonality Assessment Paper2019 Words   |  9 PagesRunning head: Personality Assessment Instrument Paper Personality Assessment Instrument University of Phoenix April 23, 2012 Personality Instrument A very useful model to assess a person personality and behavior pattern is through the use of the big five test. This test allows an administrator to get an accurate and quick assessment of the patients personality. The big five model is a widely used, modern, validated and replicated methodology for evaluatingRead MoreFive Factors Model And The Jungian Model Essay1227 Words   |  5 PagesIntro This paper will discuss two personality tests, the Five Factor Model and the Jungian Model. It will also discuss the results I got from the Five Factor Model and the Jungian Model personality tests. I will then do an analysis of my results and a write a summary of two articles. Questionnaire 1: Five Factor Model The Five Factor Model is a questionnaire based upon five broad personality traits. The Five Factor Model is set up in two sections of sixty phrases describing people’s behavior. ARead MorePsychology : The Positive Psychology Movement1269 Words   |  6 Pagesthe text, positive psychology is one of the most important aspects in determining how to enhance the personality by helping individuals recognize their human potential to learn and achieve. In this assignment one will compare the view points of Maslow, Rogers, and the positive psychology movement concerning individual personality. Recent studies have shown that personality theory and assessment plays an important role in the new era of positive psychology. Positive psychology today, emphasizes thatRead MoreCharles Manson Essay1322 Words   |  6 PagesAn Assessment of Charles Manson: Two Points of View on a Killer’s Personality Crystal L. Boyanski Columbia College Abstract There are many theories about what shapes an individual’s personality and when following these approaches, sense can be made of a certain person’s behavior. Charles Manson is a well-known serial killer whose personality is reflective of two specific personality theorists’ views. Sigmund Freud, whose psychosexualRead MoreMean Girls Movie Review/ Personality Psychology Essay1576 Words   |  7 PagesCollege Personality and how we behave have been of much interest to psychologists for a long time now and because of this there have been many theories and theorists that have been developed. Personality is defined as consistent behavior patterns and intrapersonal processes originating within and individual (Fritzley, 2012, p. 10). There are six main approaches to personality psychology they include: biological approach, humanistic approach, behaviorist approach, trait approach, psychoanalytic approach

Pro Choice Vs. Pro Life A False Dichotomy - 2314 Words

Sophia Bartolome English 2 Carlos Mujal May 13, 2016 Pro-Choice vs. Pro-Life: A False Dichotomy One of the most controversial and emotionally charged topics in the United States still being debated on is abortion. Despite Roe v Wade passing the law for a woman’s right to attain an abortion, there is still much debate surrounding the topic. Questions like, â€Å"When does Life begin?†, â€Å"Is the mother’s life considered as well?†, and most importantly, â€Å"Are you pro-choice or pro-life?† come up consistently before and in the debate. However, it should come to attention that regardless of these two stances, a great number of Americans fall underneath a grey in-between of either holding both pro-choice and pro-life reasoning, or neither. This is†¦show more content†¦Being pro-life refers to the group of people who simply oppose this idea, believing that women who carry their pregnancy to term don’t just save their babies, but their own lives, too. These definitions aren’t al ways what they seem to be, especially from one opposing party to the other opposing party. More often than not, being pro-choice gives off the notion of being pro-abortion when really, it’s more about bodily autonomy and the rights to an individual’s body. Meanwhile, being pro-life gives off the notion that they are against women having rights when that is not the case either. However, it is through these majority definitions that problems already arise and bring up the question, â€Å"Can one be both pro-choice and pro-life? And if not, can you be neither?† Before landmark case Roe V. Wade was passed in 1973, abortions were legal only in New York and California. David A. Grimes, author of Every Third Women in America: How Legal Abortion Transformed Our Nation, wrote that â€Å"tens of thousands of women living in the United States made interstate trips to get safe abortion care in the early 1970s.† These interstate trips â€Å"led to preventable complications and death.† In fact, in 1965, Planned Parenthood reported 17 percent of all deaths due to pregnancy and childbirth were a result of an illegal abortion. Today, adverse effects from an abortion occur less than a quarter of the time. Legal abortions have been shown to

The Corporate Culture Between the Public and the Private Sectors Free Essays

The foundations to organize company’s personnel are different between the public and the private sectors. These may also be different from one country to another or from one company to another according to the organization, the context of evolution and its environment. And from these foundations and values that are shared by all staff, a corporate culture is set. We will write a custom essay sample on The Corporate Culture Between the Public and the Private Sectors or any similar topic only for you Order Now The corporate culture is a key variable to explain the daily life and strategic choices made by a social group. The corporate culture is in a sense, a product of national culture and therefore a set of values and signs shared by the majority of employees. Seen from the outside, all companies in a country are alike: workshops, warehouses, offices, constant movements of people and goods. Yet a detailed examination shows that no company is comparable to another, especially between public sector and private one, On the one hand there are for example statutes, recruitment through entrance exams and the automatic nature of salaries, and while on the other hand, there are for instance labour laws, individual goals expressed through contracts and the freedom to set pay scales, so each has its own personality, has a unique identity and image. This personality is forged around five themes: the status, recruitment, remuneration, the mindset of management and the environment in which the firm operates. One can see for example between a public sector company â€Å"assurance maladie† and a private company â€Å"axa†. Both operate in the same category of activity,  «assurance maladie † staff does not enjoy equal reassuring status than â€Å"axa† staff, the civil servant status is more securing than employee status. Even their recruitment are not the same, in the public sector recruitment is often done by concours what is not the case in the private sector. Another deference between the two sectors is shown in the system of remuneration, the latter is fixed by the state according to a pay scale with † assurance maladie † while in â€Å"axa† is set based on skills and level of responsibility added to motivations by objective system that is not the case in the private sector. The personality of a company also reflects the personality f its leaders, at â€Å"axa†, it is CEO who has a strong influence on the culture that the company wants to pass through goal setting and strategy of development. In assurance maladie even if it is managed by the state, each individual seeks to satisfy his need to belong without being dependent on the culture instilled by the state. In addition the public status of â€Å"assurance maladie † requires that it must be transparent about it s economic, financial or social situation which is not always the case with private businesses as â€Å"axa†. This lack of transparency oblige private company to suggest a human resources strategy that will seek to reconcile the interests of the company and the employees for a social peace, in order to show workers that they have an important place and an opportunity of promotion so they keep their motivation. The corporate culture is like a collection of complexes allowing each individual to identify with their organization. Facing an unstable environment and increasingly complex, firms seek to boost their human potential. The corporate culture seems to be a response to develop this potential. But we can still consider the fate of these concerns. The corporate culture, as strong as it is not eternal. Indeed the downsizing imposed to â€Å"axa† staff caused a sharp questioning of the culture because â€Å"axa† is shown as Paternalist Company that assured lifetime employment and high wages. If there there ‘s deference between â€Å"axa† corporate culture and † assurance maladie † culture is that it is also due to the model on which both businesses based, on one side â€Å"axa† being a private company that seeks to generate benefits inherited the U. S. management , in the other side model so that † assurance maladie † it follows the French model. The logical functional of American corporate culture is based on earnings so its organization is perceived primarily as a system of tasks, functions to perform and goals to achieve while in the business culture in France, the organization is designed primarily as a social system involving a community of people. How to cite The Corporate Culture Between the Public and the Private Sectors, Papers

Corporate Governance and Ethics for Enron †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theCorporate Governance and Ethics for Enron. Answer: Introduction: Enron: The Smartest Guys in the Room is a 2005 American documentary film based on the rise and inglorious fall of the company, named Enron. This company was the seventh largest among the US companies and from that position, it entered bankruptcy within a year. Enron was founded in 1985 by Kenneth Lay. The case of Enron is one of the biggest business scandals of America. The top executives walked away with over $1 billion while the investors, shareholders and employees lost everything such as, salary, profit, pensions etc (Nicks 2014). Corporate Culture of Enron: The company believed in extravagance as well as greed and unethical practices. The top executives of Enron always encouraged in spending big, even when the company was suffering from rickety finances. In its whole timeline, Enron did everything bigger and flashier. From announcing new ventures almost every year to celebrating every occasion in a most lavish way; these trends were very normal to every employee of the company. Not only extravagance, the relaxed attitudes of the management regarding the business controls and cultures also led to problems (McLean and Elkind 2013). The corporate culture of Enron was completely based on corruption and absence of ethics. The lack of an ethical corporate culture can lead to devastation and Enron proved that. Initially Enron managed to build a good reputation among the customers with the image of a prospective innovative company. It had a business of building power plants, operating gas lines, and unique trades. The company dealt with natural gas, electricity, communication, pulp and paper since its foundation. When it went bankrupt in 2001, the lack of ethics and lack of corporate culture of the company surfaced. All the top management kept on making money illegally while the investors and employees were cheated throughout. The company made money with smoke and mirrors. The executives kept on bluffing the market and introduced mark-to-marketing accounting to steal the publics money. Enron also got involved in California power outage case (Markham 2015). Enron had been doing good business except for the greed of money of the top management. The high level greed of the managers led to early death of the company. Instead of practicing ethics and trust themselves and incorporating those values among the employees, the management and leaders of Enron not only demonstrated their lack of ethics and greed, but also pushed the workers to follow the same practices. The managers focused only on making money and reaping all the financial benefits (Honneth 2014). It led to extreme competition for money among the employees and managers themselves. Hence, the corporate culture was rotten in Enron since the beginning. Everyone in the company was running after only money, leaving behind the ethics. Therefore, it can be said that Enron practiced a corporate culture of greed and money (Dempsey 2015). Everyone knew that the company is following unethical and illegal practices to make money, but nobody did anything to rectify. The fake accounting and au diting gave misleading profit reports to the investors and to the market, leading to a misconception about the company. Everyone from top to bottom in Enron followed illegal ways to make money, which eventually led to a massive downfall of the company. The managers got finally arrested and had to face imprisonment. The lack of morality, ethics, and values of the management of Enron led to bankruptcy and an inglorious fall of the seventh largest company of America (Bernstein 2014). Normative Theory of Ethics Normative ethics refers to the particular section of the philosophical study of ethical actions. These mainly consider the morality and the ethics one should practice while taking a decision. This ethics study also evaluates the right or wrongness of any action. However, the theories are mostly conceptual and abstract and the evaluation of any decision is a relative subject. These theories try to explain a moral or ethical event systematically. The business was not set up with unethical intensions, but the quest for personal wealth in a very short span of time led to the destruction of the company via unethical practices (Hursthouse 2013). Normative Ethics Theory in the Corporate Culture of Enron: Enron management introduced some extreme schemes for incentives for attracting and motivating people and focused on short term earnings. Then the company started manipulating the earnings to earn more money by increasing borrowing abilities. Since issuing ore equity would hurt the prices of the shares, they created the schemes for secret funding. This way, Enron developed an unethical and amoral culture and misled the customers, employees, suppliers to invest more in their schemes. The top management was reaping all the benefits and at the same time, creating a great image of the company by promoting its ethics. This all led to a failure of the corporate governance. There was no transparency maintained regarding the earnings and accounts. Enron achieved the growth in the market capitalization by deception and subterfuge (Nichols and Erakovich 2013). According to the normative theories of ethics, there was a huge problem in morality of the leaders. The leaders and the managers introduced a narcissist culture and that explains the tradition of ethical egoism. Pojman defines ethical egoism as the concept that it is morally right to think about ones self-interest. There are four types of ethical egoism: psychological, personal, individual and universal (Erhard, Jensen and Zaffron 2016). Enron falls under the universal ethical egoism. This states that, a person should always do things that would maximize his self-interest, even if that hampers others. The leaders in Enron applied this philosophy of ethical egoism in their actions. They wanted to maximize their own wealth by hampering the welfare of the society. Hence, the pursuit of rational self-interest had growth so much that other ethical considerations of business, like integrity and honesty, became insignificant and ignored. Enrons leaders transformed the organizational culture into a money making one. Their behavior displayed the application of universal ethical egoism. In Enron, integrity was a missing link between the top and bottom level of hierarchy. Hence, the unethical culture developed by the top management, made the subordinate employees to follow the same practice of profit maximization without maintaining an honest system, at the cost of the benefit of the company and the shareholders. Enron did not apply the principle of justice and beneficence in its activities of profit maximization although they claimed to be a company with integrity, ethics, respect and values. Frankena described this organizational culture of Enron by the system of mixed deontological ethics, which says that personal behavior ultimately directs the ethical culture of the organization (Rescher 2014). Kohlbergs Theory of Cognitive Moral Reasoning and Development Kohlbergs theory of cognitive moral reasoning and development is an extension of Piagets theory of moral development (1932). Kohlberg says that people face dilemma between right and wrong, while taking any decision, and he illustrated these concepts by using moral dilemmas. There are three levels of morality and two stages under each of the level, making it total to six stages (Gibbs 2014). Figure 1: Kohlberg's stages of moral development (Source: Mischel 2013) According to the cognitive moral development theory by Kohlberg, Jeffery Skilling is at stage 6 and Sherron Watkins is at stage 4. Position of Jeffery Skilling in the Cognitive Moral Development Model Jeffrey skilling was the former CEO of Enron. He was a consultant, hired by Kenneth Lay, founder of Enron. Skilling introduced the mark-to-market accounting in Enron, which is a method for accounting the expected future profits from a deal by estimating the present value than the historical cost. Skilling and his subordinates played a major role in the energy crisis in California. They kept the prices of energy so high, which led to the crisis. When Skilling was the CEO of Enron, he used to draw an enormous $132 million a year. Skilling followed many unethical practices and resigned suddenly from Enron and after a few months, the company declared bankruptcy. He denied of having any knowledge of any illegal activities when asked about the bankruptcy. However, he was accused of 35 cases of fraudulent activities, insider trading, giving false accounts to auditors, conspiracy and many more crimes leading to the corruption in Enron. Although, he pleaded not guilty to any of the charges, h is crime was proved and he was sentenced to prison for 14 years. The fall of Enron caused 20000 employees to lose their jobs, many committed suicides, many lost their lifetime savings and pensions, investors lost more than $11 billion while Skilling and other top executives fled away with peoples money (McLean and Elkind 2013) Stage 6 falls under the category of Post-conventional morality. It deals with the concept of universal ethical principal orientation. An individual at this stage usually develops his own set of ethical and moral guidelines, which may or may not fit the social and legal rules. The person would develop his own ideas about any particular issue and would be prepared to defend those at any cost, even if that becomes illegal or goes against the society. For that, he would be ready to face any consequences also (Mischel 2013). Here, Skilling had his own set of rules for maximizing his personal gain and to achieve that, he did everything illegal, because his gains were more important to him than principals or ethics. He ultimately got caught and sentenced for his actions, while he defended his stands on money making (Yazdani and Murad 2015). Position of Sherron Watkins in the Cognitive Moral Development Model Sherron Watkins was the Vice President of Corporate Development at Enron. Just before the bankruptcy declaration, Watkins gave alerts to then-CEO, Lay about the irregularities in accounting in the financial reports immediately after Skilling left. She sensed that the company was going to collapse soon due to massive corruption. Although Lay ignored her warnings and gave false hopes to the employees and stakeholders that financial condition of the company is solid. However, she was charged for not letting the government authorities know about the corruption in the company (Nicks 2014). Stage 4 falls under the level of Conventional morality. At this level, the process of internalization of the moral standards of the valued adult role model occurs. Stage 4 deals with maintaining the social order. Here, the person gets aware of the social rules and regulations and hence, their judgments depend on the obeying of rules to uphold the law and avoid guilt (Kurtines, Gewirtz and Lamb 2014). Watkins was aware of the social norms and she wanted to follow the ethics and rules to avoid guilt. Conclusion: In the end, it can be concluded that, the downfall of such a big company started with greed for money. The unethical and immoral organizational culture, created by the management and followed by all the employees ruined everyone associated with the company. According to the normative ethics theory, Enron applied universal ethical egoism in its activities; and as per the stages in Kohlbergs cognitive moral development, Jeffery Skilling can be in stage 6 and Sherron Watkins can be in stage 4. Hence, Enron has proved how unethical practices and greed can ruin everything for a company. References: Bernstein, J.M., 2014.Recovering ethical life: Jurgen Habermas and the future of critical theory. Routledge. Dempsey, J., 2015. Moral responsibility, shared values, and corporate culture.Business Ethics Quarterly,25(03), pp.319-340. Erhard, W., Jensen, M.C. and Zaffron, S., 2016. Integrity: A Positive Model that Incorporates the Normative Phenomena of Morality, Ethics, and Legality--Abridged (English Language Version). Gibbs, J.C., 2013.Moral development and reality: Beyond the theories of Kohlberg, Hoffman, and Haidt. Oxford University Press. Honneth, A., 2014.Disrespect: the normative foundations of critical theory. John Wiley Sons. Hursthouse, R., 2013. Normative virtue ethics.ETHICA,645. Kurtines, W.M., Gewirtz, J. and Lamb, J.L., 2014.Handbook of Moral Behavior and Development: Volume 1: Theory. Psychology Press. Markham, J.W., 2015.A Financial History of the United States: From Enron-Era Scandals to the Subprime Crisis (2004-2006); From the Subprime Crisis to the Great Recession (2006-2009). Routledge. McLean, B. and Elkind, P., 2013.The smartest guys in the room: The amazing rise and scandalous fall of Enron. Penguin. Mischel, T. ed., 2013.Cognitive development and epistemology. Academic Press. Nichols, T.W. and Erakovich, R., 2013. Authentic leadership and implicit theory: a normative form of leadership?.Leadership Organization Development Journal,34(2), pp.182-195. Nicks, T., 2014. Enron: The Smartest Guys in The Room. [online] prezi.com. Available at: https://prezi.com/qr-l85grmc81/enron-the-smartest-guys-in-the-room/ [Accessed 22 May 2017]. Purnell, L.S. and Freeman, R.E., 2012. Stakeholder theory, fact/value dichotomy, and the normative core: How Wall Street stops the ethics conversation.Journal of Business Ethics,109(1), pp.109-116. Rescher, N., 2014.A System of Pragmatic Idealism, Volume II: The Validity of Values, A Normative Theory of Evaluative Rationality(Vol. 2). Princeton University Press. Yazdani, N. and Murad, H.S., 2015. Toward an ethical theory of organizing.Journal of Business Ethics,127(2), pp.399-417.

AMAZON SWOT ANALYSIS Essay Example

AMAZON SWOT ANALYSIS Essay Example AMAZON SWOT ANALYSIS Essay AMAZON SWOT ANALYSIS Essay If these suppliers have problems, Amazon cannot supply products and services in an efficient way. Low margin products Amazons business foundation is low cost, which results in high growth in sales and market share, but also leads to a very low profit. Besides, free delivery can cause a negative effect on the profitability. Amazon operating margin stood at 0. 95%, while it was 20. 8% of eBay and 24% of Google ((eyelashes Fraud, 2013). Only online existence Amazon cannot give users the feeling of being touched and tried. Access to Amazons products is also limited to internet users. This means Amazon is ignoring a large umber of shopping customers 2. 3. OPPORTUNITIES E-commerce development customers get used to shopping online will bring more opportunities for the business. Online advertising Amazon has opportunities to take benefits of its reputation and huge customer database for placement of online ads. This can create significant profit like eBay or Google (about 85% of Googles revenues is from online advertising) (Sisyphus Fraud, 2013) Develop private brands With the existing advantages of reputation and systems worldwide, Amazon can save huge expenses in marketing when introducing new products. Launching its own brands will benefit Amazon both profit and image, Kindle is an example. 2. 4. THREATS Intense competition Amazon has many competitors in different industries like Wall-Mart, eBay or Google Moreover the enhanced technologies also increase competition because of convenient Internet facilities entry and easy shopping comparison. This may decrease the companys sales and profit. Government regulations The company depends on various regulations related to both general and internet business such as taxation, privacy, data protection, pricing, content, copyrights.

buy custom The Legacies of the Second World War essay

buy custom The Legacies of the Second World War essay Girls or the Slender Means tells of a life after war. It was around the year 1945 when the Second World War had just stopped. Many people had lost their belongings and they had to adapt to a new way of living. Things had changed drastically and this particular book, narrates a story about a group of girls who were of about thirty years and below. These girls were living in some remains of hostels that were left and were looking horrible after the explosions in the war. In the story, we are told about the physical outlook and all the new activities in city they lived in. The narrator tells of the ugly outlook of the city after bombings and shootings during the war. These girls now lived a life of survival due to all the destructions and many deaths including most probably those of their relatives i.e. parents and husbands. They had no place to call home and no one to call a parent or husband (Gob, 2008). As the writer describes the situation in the city where the girls lived, we can see how the place appeared like the ancient ruins with all rooms having their walls ripped off exposing everything from inside including the wall papers and, some had one side of the wall missing and lavatory chains hanging out from the roofs. There is a pace of stunning claim and sober retraction, which recurs throughout the building and in a bad state apart from being a less comfortable place to be in (Ishiguro, 1990). Apart from the girls, everyone else was also living a life of savaging due to the poverty that had spread all over London after the war. Many people lost jobs and businesses and there ware destructions of many main buildings where businesses contributing to the economy of a country like England would lead to the suffering of a huge number of people. That shows the picture of the city where the girls lived as the writer explained. Because of the destructions during the war, everyone who survived except a few people ended up poor but the majority of them were kind hearted. It, therefore, gives an account on the way people encountered a lot of problems and suffering due to the impacts or war. The girls went through the ordeals because they had to move away from their home to London to look for a means of survival. We are told of their love lives and how they managed to live in the hostels (Ishiguro, 1990). Muriel sparks story on the Girls of the slender means takes us back to the time after the world war two because, it shows the life lived by these particular girl. Compared to life of girls of their age in a stable country, it is evident that this city life is abnormal and uncomfortable. If it were not for the war, these girls would not be living such miserable lives. Generally, the story gives a detailed description of the frustrations of the people of Kensington after the World War II. The girls who were once close friends and lived normal lives in a peaceful community now have to look for a means to survive together. Due to the limited resources, which they shared, they quarreled at times and reconciled. They lived with disguised characters and they pretended that they were courageous but in the real sense, they were scared of what awaited them (Pinter, 1991). The size of their body did not lie very much on their means as in their semi- distinguished notions regarding their lives. Their situation before the war was a much usual and comfortable one where they could mingle, play around in girlish way and then it turned slowly into destruction and death. The past became a time to be missed and cherished, as the future was not promising anymore, as they had expected. The women and other people arund the city were also facing the same problems and what they did was going to determine their future. Some of the girls started experiencing tragedies like Joanna Childes death and many other calamities that befell the inhabitants around that area (Parkes, 2001). When we look at The remains Of the Day by Shizuo Ishiguro, the situation is that of desperation of a servant of a rich British politician who has so much influence in the country. This is the story telling us all about a butler in the Darlington hall whose name is Stevens. Stevens heads a dozen of servants in the hall and is an extremely loyal servant of Mr. Farraday. He is too loyal to an extent that he does not care about himself and his own life and relatives. He even fell in love with a woman and could not follow his heart because of his job. He did his job to perfection. Stevens admired Mr. Darlington all his life as he worked for him. He realized some of his faults later after the dead of his master and did not feel proud of himself, as he had done in the beginning. He realized he gave his whole life and time to Mr. Darlington, a man who later became responsible to the destruction of his country and even the entire world (Hawthome, 1993). The Remains or the Day according to Stevens means what next should happen in the remaining years of his life. He feels he accomplished something after working very well at Darlington hall after which he is satisfied and ready to start an even better life (Hochmuth, 2008). It really does not sound like Stevens working years were good or of any satisfaction in anyway. This is because he lost many opportunities in the name of work and it was also wrong to ignore the need of his father to be with him at the time of need. Stevens lost the love of his life to someone else because he had to work. It does not look like there were any achievements for him at all when he found out about that side of the story (Joshua, 2004). Stevens interpretations are less glorious as we discover all that he lost and could not achieve for the sake of being a good servant. The real material of this book is Stevens attempt to put his life together and start all over in pursuit happiness. The factual journey from Darlington hall the countryside in the West, is a story mechanism from dramatizing the more important journey that he makes at the level of consciousness. The writer points out his view by placing all the important achievements in the past, clarifying it only through recollections and assumptions (Fox, 2010). The text is seen as shaped by the legacies of the Second World War in the sense that, the two stories both have different relationships towards the time after the war. Both stories have occurrences that happened between the years of 1940s and 1950s. This shows they happened at a time just after the Second World War; this is because from the way everything is being narrated, the writer keeps mentioning the World War 2. As seen in the book titled the girls or the slender means, the narrator writes a clear perception of the hard times, which people underwent after the WW II. Therefore, it so obvious that the trends unfolding in both the story relate so much with the aftermath of world war two (Ishiguro, 1989). Focusing on the girls of the slender means, we can see that as we read the story, we come across many outcomes of the Second World War. The prominent effect is the destruction of the houses. From the descriptions of the remains of the building there, especially the hostel that girls lived in, it is said that it had turned to some kind of ruins and this gives a pperception of the need for freedom. The way the majority of the people existing at the time is that of kind hearted but poor. This portrays the severe economic disaster that is faced in relation to the outcome of the war. The two books generally talk about the broad changes that came about after the World War II, explaining about how the aftermath of the second world ward had affected the lives of the girls in Kensington and they did not appreciate anything that was brought about by the war. Contrary to that story, Stevens life also changed after the war, and according to him, it was for the better unlike the girls. Stevens wa s now working for a different person who was freer to an extent of letting him even drive his car. As much as Stevens was proud about his past life, he also believed that his future was more promising (Spark, 1998). The girls in the hostels and the people from their neighborhood on the other hand, had no reason to be happy at all. All they knew at that moment after the war was nothing but suffering and time-to-time tragedies they were facing. Therefore, the two books simulate the huge impacts during the post wartime, which came on different ways, with others experiencing promising lifestyles in future and others facing poverty and other forms of frustrations. This shows that after the World War II, there were effects all over the areas affected by war but they came in different forms whereby some people enjoyed the outcome and others really regretted it. The girls of the slender means shows how the people in Kensington were not even able to face the future as they dreaded it so much. They lived very miserable lives and they always meditated as they tried to imagine what the future held for them. Their greatest fear was the possibility of a worst future and they felt discouraged and became hopele ss. Getting the worst future meant that they might have had to face consequences of poverty, which could be diseases or deaths. Many were stressed up and everyone was just helpless (Edgecombe, 1990). Going back to the Remains Of The day, Stevens seemed more exited to face the life after the war, because he believed that he was now ready to start all over again after being a loyal servant for a good number of years. He knew that he had a chance to live an independent life and maybe he would be lucky and be a boss too, or even marry and have children. Nothing could change his mind about having a good future, as he was sure that a good life awaited him in the future. To him, that aftermath of the war had had a good impact in his life and he felt freer as a man. These two books display the big positive and negative impacts experienced by the end of the World War II, though in two different forms. There are those who at the end of the war brought agony and pain while there are those who experienced freedom and happiness (Ishiguro, 1990). In conclusion, the two writers have brought out an indication of what the past of a persons life does not reflect the future. The girls who are currently living in a dilapidated city once lived in good houses and a comfortable, hospitable environment. They had all the good things to enjoy in life and they did not imagine that their future could be ruined at one point. The memories of their good past lives remain to be a dream that may never come true. They just remember it with nostalgia but nothing could be reversed. It was all lost and for them, living was no longer an opportunity to enjoy but a time to worry for the future. On the other hand, Stevens past live has drastically changed and he has a reason to smile. He gets a better job and his dreams are yet to come true (Ishiguro, 1989). Buy custom The Legacies of the Second World War essay

END OF BUSINESS CYCLE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

END OF BUSINESS CYCLE - Essay Example Most economist believe that the country was in a recession as the country had posted two quarters of negative growth and was not anywhere close to the 2.5% or 3% growth it had achieved in the previous year 2000. The year 2007 ended with a 0.6% GDP as compared to 4.9% in the 3rd quarter. 2008 started with the 0.9% at the end of the 1st quarter. The last two quarters show no negative growth so technically the economy is not in a recession. The above table shows a slight increase in the GDP rate for the 1st quarter of 2008 as compared to the fourth in 2007. The marginal uptrend is the result of Government expenditure; exports and the positive trend in personal consumption expenditure .The last two quarters are a classic example when the economy is underutilizing its labor and capital. The economy is slowly shrinking away from its potential and this can lead to a recession. The Personal consumption expenditure though not negative has clearly failed to grow in the 1st quarter leading to inventory accumulation. This will force businesses to cut back on production in an effort to reduce inventories. Unemployment rises as workers are laid off and incomes reduce. This further brings down consumption spending, investment spending on machinery, and plant. Businesses adopt a pessimistic approach worried about future sales and demand.3 The above figures can be achieved only if more disposal income is available to the common person, which will in turn increase spending, and demand for goods and services. The forecast also rings bells of the steep rise required in the GDP during the forthcoming quarters of the year. 2. Pick two factors cited in the Economist article that you think will have the most impact on future business cycles Explain why they are important and whether you think they will contribute to more severe or less severe business cycles? We can divide the above-mentioned factors into two major categories Management factors